Section 1.1: The Neuroscientific Perspective

Recent findings in neuroscience suggest that both conscious and unconscious thinking might be beyond our control. Many individuals operate under the assumption that their lives are dictated by their own choices. We often believe we can shape our futures through our efforts and deliberate planning. Before undertaking any task, we evaluate and organize the necessary elements, seemingly relying on our conscious thought processes. Even when we execute our plans, we think we are doing so based on rational decisions.

Yet, some neuroscientists argue that free will is an illusion. They contend that our lives and choices are significantly influenced by external factors. If this perspective holds true, then our perceived autonomy and the accomplishments we attribute to our will may be mere illusions. For instance, deciding to embark on a new online business could be contingent upon educational background, biological predispositions, or other circumstances beyond our control.

All aspects of our existence are interconnected. During career planning, our choices are undoubtedly swayed by countless external influences. From this viewpoint, life might seem like a series of random events devoid of meaning.

How disheartening is it to be born in a region lacking educational opportunities or the potential for financial advancement? If, as some radicals argue, life is simply a product of chance, then success in any field may hinge solely on luck, rendering concepts like “meaningful life,” “well-being,” and “altruism” meaningless.

However, most individuals struggle to accept a life devoid of purpose. We aspire to forge our paths and assist those facing hardships. If life is dictated solely by random events, one might argue to the less fortunate that their circumstances are a matter of bad luck. In such a scenario, the social structures established to uphold human rights and laws seem to serve no greater purpose than maintaining societal order.

Section 1.2: The Theological Perspective

In contrast, traditional theology presents a different understanding of free will, separate from secular interpretations. In many religious contexts, free will is viewed as the capacity to make autonomous decisions that shape our behavior and society. This notion remains integral to our cultural fabric and personal career aspirations.

Theologians recognize that free will is fragile and easily swayed when disconnected from the Creator, the source of our existence. While free will is a divine gift, it is also seen as imperfect and limited. According to Christian teachings, living a life reflective of Christ’s teachings is essential.

In the influential spiritual work, "The Imitation of Christ," the essence of a true Christian is explored as one who embodies both active and passive qualities. From this theological standpoint, free will is not just an individual trait; it is a divine endowment that shapes our identity.

The idea that God guides us before we encounter Him highlights the notion that free will is foundational, yet not solely derived from human actions. Augustine emphasized that God's influence nurtures our free will, presenting a complex interplay between divine power and human choice.

If neuroscience challenges the existence of free will, this debate holds little weight within the theological realm. Humans are inherently spiritual beings, and to deny any aspect of our nature, as suggested by Existentialism, leads to a fragile understanding of existence. Embracing both the physical and metaphysical dimensions of our being fosters a more balanced perspective on life.

Thank you for engaging with this exploration of free will and its implications.